Bits are an essential piece of equipment for any equestrian sport, from show jumping and dressage to fox hunting and polo. The proper use of a bit is integral in creating a good working relationship between horse and rider and is one of the most important elements in successful riding.
A bit is a metal device that fits into a horse's mouth and is connected to the bridle. It is used to control the horse by applying pressure to certain sensitive areas of their mouths. Although there is debate as to whether a bit is cruel or not, it is accepted that when used correctly and with empathy, a bit can make a better connection between horse and rider.
Before selecting a bit, it's important to understand the different types available and how they work. Bits come in many designs, shapes, sizes and materials. Most are U-shaped, with curved sides and a flat surface. They can also have protruding cheeks, be bent in different ways, and have varying degrees of thickness.
Bit rings are the two hoops that the reins attach to; usually one on each side. Loose ring bits move freely inside the bit rings and are often the bit of choice for young horses or those that tend to be quite ‘heavy’ in the hand. These bits also provide more tongue relief than other types.
Egg butt bits have jointed ends which help prevent the bit being pulled through the horse’s mouth. The rings on these bits are firmly welded in place, which gives the rider greater control; this type of bit is often used for schooling and for showing in the lower levels.
Full cheek bits have cheek pieces that sweep back from the corners of the horses mouth. They provide additional stability in the horses’ mouth and help to keep the bit in the correct position. This type of bit is useful in helping young horses to learn turning exercises.
A gag bit works by lifting the horse's head when pressure is applied to the reins. The main purpose of this type of bit is to create collection and help with steering. Gag bits are usually only used for more advanced riders.
Curb bits work primarily off the chin groove, which puts more pressure onto the bars of the mouth. The leverage action of the curb bit offers more control and can give a stronger signal than a snaffle. Curb bits with a chain link under the chin offer improved pressure points in the horse’s mouth.
Choosing the right bit for your horse is an important decision. It's important to remember that the bit should be comfortable for your horse and that they should respond well to it. A good starting point is to ask your instructor or trainer for advice before taking the plunge.
